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Horse rings in Portland, Oregon
Horse rings, remnants of a time when horses and horse-drawn vehicles provided the primary mode of transportation, can be found throughout Portland, Oregon. They were removed from curbs and sidewalks for safety purposes until the late 1970s, when one Portland resident complained about the rings disappearing. Today, the city of Portland helps to preserve the rings by requiring them to be replaced following sidewalk construction or repair.
In recent years Portland residents have started tethering model horses to the rings, sparking interaction and drawing attention to part of the city's history. The Horse Project, started by one resident of the Woodstock neighborhood in 2005, encourages participation in the urban art movement. The rings and art installations have become a tourist attraction.
==Background and history==
Horse rings, often made of iron or brass, are remnants from the 1800s, when horses and horse-drawn vehicles provided the primary mode of transportation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Horse Project )〕 In 1978, ''The Register-Guard'' suggested the rings might only be as old as the early 1900s. The rings allowed residents to tether their horses to sidewalks.〔
Prior to the late 1970s, rings were removed during reconstruction or repair for safety purposes. In 1978, after one Portland resident complained about the disappearance of rings, Connie McCready, then a City Commissioner, announced that rings could be replaced at a homeowner's request, likely for a fee of $5.〔 Today, the city of Portland is committed to preserving the horse rings, which are reinstalled following curb and sidewalk construction or repair.〔〔 An ordinance requires rings to be replaced at their original location (or "as close as practical").〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Village and a Treasure Hunt )〕 Original street names are also reset or restamped into new concrete. The ring supply is monitored by the Bureau of Maintenance. Portland is not the only city to preserve horse rings. City officials in Oak Harbor, Washington, confirmed the last in a series of horse rings would be preserved during a February 2011 sidewalk construction project.〔 Note: This article was originally published in the ''Whidbey News-Times'' (Oak Harbor, Washington) on December 1, 2010.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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